How can drainage practices specifically improve agricultural productivity?

The choice related to preventing root diseases is correct because proper drainage practices significantly reduce the likelihood of saturated soil conditions, which can lead to water logging. Waterlogged soils create an anaerobic environment that encourages the development of root diseases, as roots require oxygen for healthy growth. When drainage is improved, excess water is removed, allowing for better aeration of the soil, which in turn promotes healthy root development and reduces the likelihood of disease-causing pathogens thriving in overly wet conditions. This directly enhances agricultural productivity by ensuring that crops can grow in a healthier environment.

In contrast, promoting water logging, distributing pests evenly, and increasing soil compaction do not benefit agricultural productivity. Water logging can suffocate plant roots, while evenly distributing pests can actually exacerbate pest problems, and increased soil compaction can hinder root growth and water infiltration. Therefore, effective drainage practices are critical for sustaining healthy crops and improving yields by preventing conditions conducive to root diseases.