How does soil compaction affect crop yields?

Soil compaction is a significant factor that affects crop yields by primarily restricting root growth and reducing water availability. When soil becomes compacted, the spaces between soil particles, known as pore spaces, are reduced. This compaction results in a denser soil structure that makes it difficult for roots to penetrate and grow properly. Roots require adequate space to expand and access nutrients and water.

Additionally, compacted soil can hinder water infiltration and aeration, leading to poor drainage. When water cannot move through the soil as it should, it may either pool on the surface or be less available to the roots. This lack of accessible water can stress plants, reduce their growth, and ultimately lead to lower crop yields. Consequently, managing soil compaction is crucial for maintaining optimal soil conditions that promote healthy root development and ensure sufficient water availability for crops.