What does "field capacity" refer to in soil management?

In soil management, "field capacity" specifically refers to the amount of soil moisture retained in the soil after excess water has drained away and the rate of downward movement has significantly decreased. At this point, the soil contains sufficient moisture for plant use without being saturated, which allows for optimal conditions for root growth and nutrient uptake.

Understanding field capacity is critical for effective irrigation practices and water management in agriculture. It helps farmers determine when to irrigate crops and how much water is available to the plants, balancing moisture levels to prevent stress during dry periods while avoiding waterlogging that could hinder root health and plant growth. Thus, recognizing field capacity is fundamental for enhancing crop yield and sustaining soil health over time.