What is meant by "soil erosion"?

Soil erosion refers to the process by which the top layer of soil is removed or displaced from its original location, often due to factors such as water, wind, or human activities. This top layer is critical for plant growth as it typically contains the highest concentration of organic matter and nutrients. When this layer is eroded, the soil structure and fertility decline, leading to reduced agricultural productivity and increased vulnerability to other forms of degradation.

Understanding this concept is important in agricultural practices and land management to implement measures that prevent erosion, such as contour farming, maintaining ground cover, or using cover crops, which help protect the soil from erosion while maintaining its health and productivity.