What role does organic matter play in soil health?

Organic matter plays a crucial role in enhancing soil health, primarily by improving soil structure and reducing soil compaction. When organic matter is added to the soil, it helps to create aggregates, which are clusters of soil particles. These aggregates improve pore space, allowing for better air and water movement through the soil. The enhanced structure leads to improved root penetration, which is vital for plant growth and nutrient uptake.

Furthermore, organic matter improves the soil's ability to hold moisture, contributing to better drought resistance and overall productivity. It also serves as a habitat for beneficial microorganisms and earthworms, which further contribute to soil health by breaking down organic material and making nutrients more available to plants.

In contrast, options suggesting that organic matter reduces nutrient retention, repels water, or increases soil acidity do not reflect the beneficial functions that organic matter provides. Instead, organic matter typically enhances nutrient retention and improves water infiltration and retention, positively impacting plant health and agricultural productivity.