Which of the following describes a negative impact of intensive tillage?

Intensive tillage can lead to carbon release, which is a significant negative impact on soil health and the environment. When soil is tilled aggressively, it disrupts the soil structure and exposes organic matter to air. This exposure accelerates the decomposition process, resulting in the release of carbon stored in the soil into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. This not only contributes to greenhouse gas emissions but also depletes the soil of its organic matter, affecting its fertility and ability to support plant growth.

In contrast, some of the other options describe positive impacts or benefits that may occur under specific circumstances, but they do not reflect the adverse effects associated with intensive tillage. Enhancing soil structure and promoting carbon storage are typically associated with conservative tillage practices or no-till farming, which aim to maintain soil integrity and sequester carbon. Additionally, improving root penetration is more aligned with practices that reduce soil disturbance. Thus, while intensive tillage may have some benefits in certain management contexts, its negative impact on carbon dynamics is particularly concerning for sustainable agriculture and climate health.