Which of the following factors affects nutrient availability in soil?

Soil pH is a critical factor in determining nutrient availability because it influences the chemical forms of nutrients and their solubility in the soil solution. Most nutrients are available to plants within a specific pH range, usually between 6.0 and 7.5. When the pH is too low (acidic) or too high (alkaline), certain nutrients become less available to plants or may even become toxic. For example, in highly acidic soils, essential nutrients like calcium and magnesium may be deficient, while toxic elements like aluminum can become more soluble. Conversely, in alkaline soils, nutrients like phosphorus can form insoluble compounds, making them unavailable to plants.

This critical relationship between pH and nutrient availability underscores why managing soil pH is vital for optimizing crop production and ensuring that plants can access the nutrients they need for healthy growth. Understanding how pH affects nutrient dynamics allows for better soil management practices and nutrient application strategies.