Which practice helps improve soil structure and aeration?

Cover cropping is a practice that significantly enhances soil structure and aeration. When cover crops are planted, they help to build organic matter in the soil through their root systems and subsequent decomposition after termination. The roots create channels in the soil, promoting better water infiltration and air movement, which are critical for healthy root development and microbial activity.

Additionally, cover crops can prevent soil compaction by providing a protective cover that reduces erosion and promotes the formation of aggregates, which are essential for a well-structured soil. A good soil structure allows for improved nutrient availability and root penetration, further contributing to crop health and productivity.

In contrast, practices such as over-tilling can exacerbate soil compaction and degrade soil structure, while continuous cropping without the integration of cover crops can lead to nutrient depletion and reduced soil health. Heavy fertilization may provide nutrients but does not directly improve soil structure or aeration, and can sometimes lead to issues like nutrient runoff or soil degradation if not managed properly.