Which type of soil typically has the highest nutrient holding capacity?

Clay soil is known for its high nutrient holding capacity due to its small particle size and the significant surface area it provides. The tiny particles in clay create a dense structure that can hold water and nutrients effectively, making them available to plants. Clay particles also have a negative charge, which attracts and retains positively charged nutrient ions (cations) such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium. This property enhances the soil's ability to supply essential nutrients to crops over time.

In contrast, while silt also has decent nutrient retention capabilities, it generally does not match the nutrient-holding capacity of clay. Sand, with its larger particles and lower surface area, drains quickly and does not retain nutrients well. Loam, a blend of sand, silt, and clay, does have good nutrient holding characteristics but still typically falls short of the capacity found in clay. Thus, clay soils are particularly beneficial in agricultural contexts where nutrient availability is critical for crop growth.